General description

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. It has a high affinity for sterols,primarily ergosterols, of fungal and bacterial cell membranes.After binding to sterols, it forms channels in the membranes, causing small molecules to leak out.Amphotericin B is effective against fungi and yeast.The name of the drug is derived from the amphoteric behavior of the drug, due to the carboxyl group on the main ring and a primary amino group on the mycosamine ring. Amphotericin B induces K+ leakage, which is separate from its lethal action, as was demonstrated in human erythrocytes and is due to the inhibitory effect on the Na+/K+ pump.At sub-lethal concentrations, this drug stimulates either the activity of some membrane enzymes or cellular metabolism,in particular stimulation of some cells of the immune system.

Preparation Note

If reconstituted at 25 mg/10 mL of sterile water, there is no need to filter sterilize. This will yield a slightly hazy yellow solution.

Storage and Stability

Amphotericin B remains active for 3 days in culture at 37°C. For long term, storage at 2−8°C, protected from air and light, is recommended. Under these conditions the products remain active for 5 years.